Module · Ancient DNA Repository

The Ancient Genome Stack

A tiered data architecture for matching modern uploads against the published ancient DNA record — backed by the Allen Ancient DNA Resource, the Reich Lab, ENA, NCBI GenBank, the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) and ISOGG. Every sample card links out to both the ENA mirror and the NCBI SRA query for its raw reads, and each individual is labeled by source tier and tied back to its Genesis 10 lineage.

Sources

Curated samples

Tier 1 sources

17k+

AADR individuals

Tiered Source Registry

The data pipeline behind ORIGINS — gold-standard datasets first, raw repositories second, metadata enrichment third.

Tier 1 · Gold Standard

Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR)

Primary backbone for matching modern uploads against ancient individuals.

› 17,000+ ancient individuals
› SNP genotype calls
› Y-DNA & mtDNA haplogroups
› Site coordinates & dating

Individual IDSNPsHaplogroupLat/LngCultureDate BP

Tier 1 · Gold Standard

David Reich Lab Datasets

Source of many landmark ancient DNA studies and population panels.

› Ancient whole genomes
› Population studies
› Pre-publication releases

Study IDSample IDPopulationGenome coverage

Tier 2 · Raw Repository

European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)

Raw read-level access for re-analysis and custom variant calling.

› Raw FASTQ files
› BAM alignments
› Project accessions

Project accessionRun accessionRead links

Tier 2 · Raw Repository

NCBI GenBank

Canonical sequence database — mtDNA and chloroplast records.

› DNA sequences
› mtDNA records
› Ancient genome submissions

AccessionLocusOrganismReference

Tier 2 · Raw Repository

NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA)

Raw sequencing reads for ancient genome pipelines.

› Sequencing runs
› FASTQ archives
› Project metadata

SRA IDRunLibrary strategy

Tier 3 · Catalog & Archaeology

Ancient Genome Atlas

User-facing geographic discovery layer.

› Ancient mtDNA atlas
› Geographic distribution
› Population mapping

SampleLocationPeriodHaplogroup

Tier 3 · Catalog & Archaeology

Online Ancient Genome Repository (OAGR)

Supplemental metadata enrichment.

› Ancient genome metadata
› Bioinformatics datasets

SampleDatasetReference

Tier 4 · Haplogroup DB

ISOGG Ancient DNA Wiki

Haplogroup placement and citizen-science cross-reference.

› Ancient Y-DNA haplogroups
› Ancient mtDNA haplogroups
› Sample references

SampleY-haplogroupmt-haplogroupSite

Tier 4 · Haplogroup DB

YFull

Phylogenetic placement for Y-DNA uploads.

› Y-DNA tree
› TMRCA estimates
› Ancient SNP placements

Y-haplogroupBranchTMRCA

Tier 4 · Haplogroup DB

FamilyTreeDNA Discover™

Visualization inspiration for haplogroup migration UX.

› Ancient connections
› Migration routes
› Haplogroup stories

HaplogroupOriginNotable connections

Tier 3 · Catalog & Archaeology

Wikipedia — Ancient DNA Entries

Metadata enrichment for user-facing context.

› Site descriptions
› Discovery history
› Cave & burial details

SiteDiscoveryReferences

Tier 3 · Catalog & Archaeology

Smithsonian Human Origins Program

Educational content + fossil context.

› Fossil records
› Migration timelines
› Educational media

FossilDateLocation

Tier 3 · Catalog & Archaeology

Archaeology Data Service (ADS)

Excavation-level archaeological grounding.

› Excavation records
› Site reports
› Archaeological datasets

Site reportExcavationDataset

Curated Ancient Individuals

Landmark genomes drawn from published academic studies — every record carries a source citation and a Noahic lineage assignment.

Tier 1 · ScripturalLineage · Japheth

Ötzi the Iceman

Sample ID · ERS256359

Murdered by an arrow ~5,300 years ago and freeze-dried in an Alpine glacier. His G2a Y-DNA links him to the first farmers who carried agriculture into Europe.

Era

Copper Age

Date

3350–3105 BC

Site

Tisenjoch Pass, Ötztal Alps

Country

Italy / Austria border

Y-DNA

G2a-L91

mtDNA

K1f

Coverage

7.6×

Culture

Late Neolithic / Copper Age Alpine

Grave goods

Copper axeFlint daggerBow & quiverBirch-bark containers

Noahic link

G2a clusters with early European farmers — descendants of Javan / Tiras lineages dispersing into the northern Mediterranean.

New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotypePublished 2012

Source accessions

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